摘 要
当前，随着国家事业单位改革如火如荼的进行和中国加入世贸组织（WTO），各行各业都面临着前所未有的机遇和挑战，政府计量管理工作也不例外。执行政府计量管理的法定计量技术机构是政府按照《计量法》的要求成立起来的，开展执行国家强制计量检定、计量监督等法定计量任务和为企事业单位提供量值传递、检定、校准和测试等中介技术服务任务，而基层法定计量技术机构主要任务就是开展执行国家法制计量工作。基层法定计量技术机构如何才能履行好自己的职能，如何才能最大发挥好计量工作在国民经济建设中的作用，就是我们必须考虑的问题。
本文将利用经济学、公共管理学等理论知识，在总结国内外相关研究基础上，通过对基层法定计量技术机构在履行职能中出现的问题分析，找出影响基层法定计量技术机构履行职能的因素，从而提出基层法定计量技术机构履行职能的改进方法。本文主要内容有：
第一：计量是现代科学技术的主要组成部分，是工程与技术科学的基础科学，计量广泛的应用于工农业生产、科学研究、经济贸易、环境保护、医疗卫生，以及老百姓的日常生活之中。从理论上分析计量工作产品具有公共物品和私人物品双重属性；计量工作的正外部性，以及计量工作的市场失灵和政府失灵。
第二：分析目前基层法定计量技术机构职能范围，以及当前基层法定计量技术机构发展所面临的困境；基层法定计量技术机构在履行职能过程中出现的问题：强制计量器具受检率低，有待提高；只注重经济效益，而忽视社会效益；只注重监督管理，缺乏服务意识，从而没有发挥出计量工作在国民经济建设中应有的作用。
第三：分析了影响基层法定计量技术机构履行职能的内外因数：法律法规滞后、政府投入不足、部门管理不严、机构重复建设、管理观念落后、人员素质不高。这些因素限制了基层法定计量技术机构很好的履行职能。
第四：针对基层机构履行职能中出现的问题和影响基层机构履行职能的的因数，借鉴国外发达国家的一些先进经验，提出基层法定计量技术机构履行职能的一些措施：健全计量法律法规、合理的政府投入、整合计量资源、提高人员素质、建立计量信息管理平台。
本人希望自己的研究能引起政府对基层法定计量技术机构的重视，加大对基层法定计量技术机构的支持力度，更好的发挥基层法定计量技术机构的作用。
关键词：计量 计量管理 机构 职能
Abstract
Present, with the reform of state institutions were in full swing and China's WTO accession (WTO), all walks of life are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges, the Government measures the management is no exception. Measurement and Management of the statutory implementation of the Government technical agencies of the Government in accordance with the measurement of "measured law" requires the establishment of up to carry out the implementation of national compulsory metering test, measurement and supervision legal metrology tasks and provide value for enterprises, transfer, testing, calibration and testing technical services such as mediation mission, and primary task of authorized measurement institutions to carry out the main work of the implementation of national legal metrology. How the primary authorized measurement institutions to carry out their functions, how to play a good measurement of the largest construction work in the role of the national economy, that we must consider.
This article will use economics, public management and other theories of knowledge, the basis of summing up the research at home and abroad, through grass-roots organizations authorized measurement problems arising in the functioning of, the influential grassroots organization to perform the functions authorized measurement factors to make grass-roots organizations to perform the functions authorized measurement improved method. The main contents are:
First: Measurement is a major component of modern science and technology part of the engineering and technical science and basic science, measurement widely used in industrial and agricultural production, scientific research, economy and trade, environmental protection, health care, and the daily life of ordinary people . Measured from the theoretical analysis of the work products of public goods and private goods with dual properties; measurement work is outside, as well as metrology market failure and government failure.
Second: analysis of the current functions of the grassroots scope of authorized measurement inspection institutions, and grassroots legal metrology current difficulties faced by institutional development; primary authorized measurement inspection institutions in the functioning of the problems arising in the course: compulsory subjects of measuring instruments is low, needs to be improved ; only pay attention to economic benefits, to the neglect of social benefits; only focus on supervision and management, lack of service awareness, and thus does not play its proper role of metrological work.
Third: Analysis of the impact of authorized measurement institutions to carry out basic functions of the internal and external factors: laws and regulations lag, lack of government investment, poor management departments, agencies repeat the construction, management concept behind the quality of personnel is not high. These factors limit the primary authorized measurement institutions to perform their functions well.
Fourth: for grass-roots organizations carry out their functions and impact of problems arising in the functioning of primary factor of institutions, drawing on some of the advanced experience of foreign countries, put forward the legal metrology institutions to carry out basic functions of a number of measures: a sound measurement of laws and regulations, reasonable government investment, integration of measurement resources and improve the quality of personnel, the establishment of measurement information management platform.
I hope that their research can lead to government agencies authorized measurement of primary importance, increase the authorized measurement of grass-roots support organizations, and better primary authorized measurement institutions to play a role.
Keyword：Measurement; Measurement management; Organ; Function
