摘 要
我国加入WTO以来，检验市场由国有（官方），外资和民营三大检验机构三分天下。在开放竞争的宏观市场环境下，三大检验机构凭借各自的优势立足市场。据不完全统计，截止目前，我国共有各类检验机构2.4万多家，这些检验机构按职能分类可以分为“官方检验机构”、“半官方检验机构”和“非官方检验机构”三大类型，按机构的服务类型和用途，又可分为第一方、第二方和第三方检验机构三类。
近年来，官方检验机构在当前的市场竞争压力下，加大了市场服务意识，增加自身能力建设的投入，在完成相关政府部门指定的监督抽查任务的同时，接受社会各界的产品委托检验，也植入了第三方检验机构的相关特性，使其成为第三方检验机构的特殊派别，称为“由政府部门授权的第三方检验机构”，即由政府设立的为社会提供技术服务的事业单位，因此机构天生具有事业单位的缺陷、如僵直的体系制度、紊乱的运行机制、消极的奖励薪酬制度等等，形成了当前检验机构一种麻木的、病态的事业发展趋势。
由此，检验机构对其产品——“报告”的质量控制上存在必然的局限性，体制与机制的不灵活导致机构内部工作积极性低下，人员对检验报告认识不够深入，导致检验报告中信息差错率高。同时，机构过分依赖政府部门造成检验任务的差别化对待，市场竞争意识的缺乏也导致了检验报告整体时效性差，无法满足社会对检验报告的根本需求，检验机构的实验室管理力度的不足也使得检验报告的统计缺乏系统化，检验报告的质量难以有效提高。
本文着眼于当前检验机构的检验报告质量问题，以“政府部门授权的第三方检验机构”为研究主体，简析检验机构的分类、资质及发展情况，从结构与特性两个维度对检验报告进行深入的理论性分析，确立检验报告的具体属性，在此基础上剖析当前检验机构检验报告质量现状，探讨报告质量存在的问题和影响因素，并结合海南省QZJ检验所的实证研究，进一步为剖析检验报告质量存在的问题提供实践依据，最后提出具有操作性的改进报告质量措施，为检验机构提高报告质量提供借鉴和参考，力求检验报告质量能够极大的满足社会各界的需求。
关键词：检验机构；报告质量；第三方检测实验室
Abstract
Since China's accession to the WTO, by the state-owned test market, foreign investment and private three inspection organization three cent world. In the development of competitive macro market environment, three inspection institution with their respective advantages based on the market. According to not complete count, by now, our country were all kinds of inspection institutions is home to more than 24,000, these inspection institutions can be divided into "according to function classification", "the official inspection institutions semi-official inspection institution" and "unofficial inspection institution" three types, press agency service type and use, can divide again for one party, the second party and the third party inspection agency three types.
In recent years, the official inspection institution in the current market competitive pressure, increase the market service consciousness, increase their ability construction investment, complete the relevant government departments in designated selectives examination tasks at the same time, accept the social from all walks of life products consignation testing, and implanted the third party inspection institutions relevant features, make it become the third party inspection institutions, namely "special factions by government agencies authorized by the third party inspection institution". The government established for society to provide technical services of institutions and therefore agencies are also born with institutions of the defects, such as the system stiffened the operating mechanism of institutional, disorder, negative rewards, formed the current salary system of a kind of numb inspection institutions and morbid career development.
Thus, inspection institution for their products - "report" quality control on the limitations of the inevitable, not flexible system and mechanism of in-house job enthusiasm caused low for inspection report, personnel, leading to know in-depth information in high error ration test report. At the same time, the agency excessively dependent on government department of inspection mission decreases.it caused treat, lack of market competition consciousness also led to a survey report, which cannot meet the overall effectiveness of poor social the fundamental demand survey report, inspection institutions lack the strength of the laboratory management makes inspection reports statistical lack of systematic, inspection report to effectively improve the quality.
This paper focus on the current inspection institutions inspection report quality problem, with "government agencies authorized by the third party inspection institution as a main body of research, the classification of highly-socialized inspection institutions, and development and qualification from two dimensions of the structure and properties of inspection report in-depth theoretical analysis, the specific properties established inspection report, on the basis of analyzing the current situation report to quality inspection agency, discusses the existing problems and report to quality, and combining factors affecting QZJ institute of empirical studies of hainan province, further analysis inspection report to quality problems, and finally put forward provide practice basis with operational significance of the report to quality control measures for improving the quality inspection agencies providing reference and report to quality inspection report, can greatly satisfy community needs.
Key words：Text Institutions;Report quality;The third party inspection institution
